Gender, coffee intake, and colon cancer:
An analysis of 96,162 subjects (46,023 men and 50,139 women) found that the higher the amount of coffee consumption, the lower the risk of developing colon cancer. Specifically, women drinking 3 or more cups of coffee a day were found to have half the risk of developing colon cancer (but not rectal cancer) compared with those who drank no coffee at all. No benefit in terms of colon cancer risk reduction, however, was found in men. (2)
Coffee and endometrial cancer:
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 16 studies (10 case-control and six cohort studies) involving coffee consumption and cancer risk. A total of 6,628 cases of endometrial cancer were identified from the studies. The results showed that, overall, women who drank 3 to 4 cups of coffee per day had a 29% reduced risk of endometrial cancer compared with women who drank little or no coffee. By study design, case-control studies had a 31% risk reduction and cohort studies a 30% risk reduction. Each additional cup of coffee consumed was associated with about an 8% further risk reduction. The association was strongest among Japanese studies (60% risk reduction), followed by USA/Canada studies (31% risk reduction), and European studies (21% risk reduction). (3)
