Grape seed extract and pine bark both contain anti-oxidants that appear to strengthen the connective tissue and reduce inflammation. The most common side effects are digestive complaints such as nausea and upset stomach. But people who have an autoimmune condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease, should not take either grape seed extract or pine bark because of its effects on the immune system. (20,21)
Lastly, Reflexology is a form of therapy that focuses primarily on the feet. This form of medical treatment was studying with pregnant women and showed significant reduction in leg swelling. Reflexology has little adverse side effects but must be applied by a a trained practitioner in order to receive maximum benefits.