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Prostate Cancer
Screening for prostate cancer with a digital rectal exam (DRE):
The primary care provider may use this exam to palpate for abnormal nodularity of the prostate gland.
Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing:
According to Vickers AJ and Lilja H (2), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is the only reliable method shown to reduce mortality rate by detecting future prostate cancer, but the risks may outweigh the benefits at times by resulting in treatment of some patients when it is unnecessary to do so.
Men over age 60: Evidence for benefit is not strong for PSA of less than 1 or 2 ng/ml.
Men age 45-60: For PSA of 1 ng/ml or greater: Retest PSA in 2-4-years, and for PSA under 1 ng/ml: Retest PSA every 6-8 years.
Men under age 50: For PSA 1.5 ng/ml or higher should receive frequent monitoring.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing after diagnosis of prostate cancer:
PSA testing may be used for guidance of prostate cancer therapy following diagnosis (3).
