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Resistance Training
Assessment and Plan: Resistance Training
Exercise cardiac stress testing should be conducted prior to exercising in individuals who have suspected or known coronary artery disease, typical and atypical angina or have had prior heart attack. In healthy people, without symptoms, those with multiple heart risk factors(high cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history, obese, diabetes mellitus) or concurrent chronic diseases or those in a high-risk occupation for example pilots, firefighters, law enforcement officers, and transit operators should undergo exercise stress testing. Stress testing is also recommend for men over age 40 and women over age 50 who have been inactive but plan to start vigorous exercise. Evaluation of exercise capacity in patients with heart disease involving one or more of the valves of the heart (patient’s whose heart valve does not open fully), those with heart rhythm disorders, and those with pacemakers is also necessary.
Formal clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a treadmill or cycle ergometer and the more basic 6 minute walk test to determine baseline exercise capacity before and after medications, surgery, and pulmonary or cardiac rehab programs.
Consider a pulmonary or cardiac rehab program for related diseases with functional impairment due to these diseases.
Counsel physically active patients regarding the influence of medications upon exercise.
According to the American College of Sports Medicine Training Guidelines for Muscular Fitness, higher volume, multiple-set programs are recommended for maximizing hypertrophy. Intensity of 0-60% of 1 RM for lower body exercises and 30-60% of 1 RM for upper body exercises should be emphasized with a 6-12 RM and 1- to 2-min rest periods between sets. The study be Krieger found that multiple sets had 40% greater hypertrophy-related effect sizes than a single set. The muscular response to training in elderly men and women may be less than younger individuals, but are still able to develop muscular fitness, strength and hypertrophy despite aging.
For muscular endurance training, light to moderate loads (40-60% of 1 RM) with high repetitions (>15) using short rest periods (<90 seconds) is recommended.
Training in the morning or evening results in similar benefit in muscular fitness.
For supplements to enhance athletic performance see the athletic performance section.
