High Blood Pressure, Hypertension

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Introduction:

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition of higher than normal force of blood pushing against arterial vessel walls. The higher the blood pressure, the more difficult it is for the heart to pump. Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, aneurysm, chronic kidney disease, and other diseases. Most hypertension is related to essential hypertension, and the cause is usually unknown, but when a cause is identified, the secondary cause results in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Examples include renal artery stenosis which lowers the rate of blood flow to the kidney and the kidney responds by secreting hormones to increase blood pressure and perfuse the kidneys or in pheochromocytoma, a condition in which an adrenal mass secretes excessive catecholamines resulting in severely elevated blood pressure. Obstructive sleep apnea and medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also result in secondary hypertension.