See hypertension in Preventive Health Advisor for further information.
Beta-carotene in food vs. supplements and heart disease:
Intake of vegetables containing beta carotene was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality and with a lower risk for all causes of death but no benefit was seen with taking beta-carotene supplements. Greenberg ER et al tested beta carotene levels in subjects prior to being randomized to take beta carotene supplements. Subjects with an intial beta carotene level of 0.34-0.52 umol/L had a 43% less risk of death from cardiovascular disease when compared to subjects with the lowest intial beta carotene levels of under 0.21 umol/L. Those subjects with an intitial beta carotene level of over 0.52 umol/L had a lower risk of death from all causes. There was no reduced risk of disease or mortality benefit in subjects who took beta carotene supplements in pill form. (68)
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