The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee (ACC/AHA/ESC) published guidelines for prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with ventricular arrythmias. About 50% of all deaths related to coronary heart disease (CHD) occur suddenly within 1 hour after a cardiac event and 300,000 to 350,000 SCDs occur in the U.S. annually. SCD may follow symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia, as a cardiac arrest, or without any symptoms at all (32)
Any patient with syncope, palpitations, history of arrhythmia with or without a history of heart disease should be referred to Cardiology prior to any consideration for exercise or rigorous physical activity. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for SCD whether or not coronary heart disease is present (32). When using diuretics, or in patients with history of arrhythmia, reduce the risk of arrhythmias by maintaining the potassium level over 4.0 mg/dL and the magnesium level over 2.0 mg/dL.
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